Diabetes
is a chronic disease, which occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough
insulin, or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. This
leads to an increased concentration of glucose in the blood (hyperglycaemia).
Type
1 diabetes previously known as insulin-dependent or childhood-onset diabetes is
characterized by a lack of insulin production.
Type
2 diabetes formerly called non-insulin-dependent or adult-onset diabetes is
caused by the body’s ineffective use of insulin. It often results from excess
body weight and physical inactivity.
Gestational
diabetes is
hyperglycaemia that is first recognized during pregnancy.
The
number of people with diabetes has nearly quadrupled since 1980. Prevalence is
increasing worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The
causes are complex, but the rise is due in part to increases in the number of
people who are overweight, including an increase in obesity, and in a
widespread lack of physical activity.
Diabetes
of all types can lead to complications in many parts of the body and increase
the risk of dying prematurely. In 2012 diabetes was the direct cause of 1.5 million
deaths globally. A large proportion of diabetes and its complications can be
prevented by a healthy diet, regular physical activity, maintaining a normal
body weight and avoiding tobacco use.
In
April 2016, WHO published the Global report on diabetes, which calls for action
to reduce exposure to the known risk factors for type 2 diabetes and to improve
access to and quality of care for people with all forms of diabetes.
Type
2 diabetes formerly called non-insulin-dependent or adult-onset results from the
body’s ineffective use of insulin .Type 2 diabetes comprises the majority of
people with diabetes around the world, and is largely the result of excess body
weight and physical inactivity.
Symptoms
may be similar to those of Type 1 diabetes, but are often less marked. As a
result, the disease may be diagnosed several years after onset, once
complications have already arisen.
Until
recently, this type of diabetes was seen only in adults but it is now also
occurring increasingly frequently in children.
10
WHO FACTS
(1)
There is an emerging global epidemic of diabetes that can be traced back to
rapid increases in overweight, obesity and physical inactivity.
(2)
Total deaths from diabetes are projected to rise by more than 50% in the next
10 years. Most notably, they are projected to increase by over 80% in
upper-middle income countries.
(3)
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by a lack of insulin production and type 2
diabetes results from the body's ineffective use of insulin.
(4)
Type 2 diabetes is much more common than type 1 diabetes, and accounts for
around 90% of all diabetes worldwide.
(5)
Reports of type 2 diabetes in children - previously rare - have increased
worldwide. In some countries, it accounts for almost half of newly diagnosed
cases in children and adolescents.
(6) Third type of diabetes is gestational
diabetes. This type is characterized by hyperglycaemia, or raised blood sugar,
which is first recognized during pregnancy.
(7)
In 2005, 1.1 million people died from diabetes. The full impact is much larger,
because although people may live for years with diabetes, their cause of death
is often recorded as heart diseases or kidney failure.
(8)
80% of diabetes deaths are now occurring in low- and middle-income countries.
(9)
Lack of awareness about diabetes, combined with insufficient access to health
services, can lead to complications such as blindness, amputation and kidney
failure.
(10)
Type 2 Diabetes can be prevented. Thirty minutes of moderate-intensity physical
activity on most days and a healthy diet can drastically reduce the risk of
developing type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented.
Qismat
Yinus
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